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Liberalism > Politics > Hall of Freedom
Hall of Freedom
Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, 3600 meters above sea level
The Hall of Freedom is placed in a cavern of the Jungfraujoch glacier, accessible directly from the railway station. Crystals are placed for people from all over the world who fought or who are still fighting for Freedom.
Each crystal (in a different shape and size) is dedicated to one of these outstanding people with a plate quoting their name, date of birth and death, and country. The ice symbolises the harsh surroundings and the crystals symbolise the Freedom people fought for.
The period covered starts in 1848, the high time of Liberal Revolution and the birth of the modern liberal Swiss State, to our time. The ice caverns of the Jungfraujoch are visited by nearly 500,000 persons a year from all over the world. The Board of Jungfrau Railway Ltd supported the idea and made a large ice cavern available.
List of contents:
- José G. Artigas, Uruguay, 1764-1850
- Frédéric Bastiat, France, 1801-1850
- José de San Martin, Argentina, 1778-1850
- Henri Druey, Switzerland, 1799-1855
- Harriet Taylor Mill, UK, 1808-1858
- Alexis de Tocqueville, France, 1805-1859
- Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Italy, 1810-1861
- Jonas Furrer, Switzerland, 1805-1861
- Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, Belgium, 1796-1862
- Abraham Lincoln, USA, 1809-1865
- Benito Juárez, Mexico, 1806-1872
- Giuseppe Mazzini, Italy, 1805-1872
- Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Netherlands, 1798-1872
- John Stuart Mill, UK, 1808-1873
- Henri-Guillaume Dufour, Switzerland, 1787-1875
- Ljuben Karavelov, Bulgaria, 1834-1879
- Jón Sigurdsson, Iceland, 1811-1879
- Johann Conrad Kern, Switzerland, 1808-1888
- John Bright, UK, 1811-1889
- Johan Sverdrup, Norway, 1816-1892
- Lajos Kossuth, Hungary, 1802-1894
- José Martí, Cuba, 1853-1895
- José Protacio Rizal, Philippines, 1861-1896
- William E. Gladstone, UK, 1809-1898
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton, USA, 1815-1902
- Viggo Hørup, Denmark, 1841-1902
- Susan Brownell Anthony , USA, 1820-1906
- Richard John Seddon, New Zealand, 1845-1906
- Henri Dunant, Switzerland, 1828-1910
- Friedrich Naumann, Germany, 1860-1919
- Walter Rathenau, Germany, 1867-1922
- Thomas Woodrow Wilson, USA, 1856-1924
- SUN Yat-sen, China, 1866-1925
- Piero Gobetti, Italy, 1901-1926
- Janis Cakste, Latvia, 1859-1927
- Aletta Henriette Jacobs, Netherlands, 1854-1929
- Gustav Stresemann, Germany, 1878-1929
- Juko Hamaguchi, Japan, 1870-1931
- Enrique José Varona, Cuba, 1849-1933
- Pieter W. A. Cort Van Der Linden, Netherlands, 1846-1935
- Eleutherios Venizelos, Greece, 1864-1936
- Anni Fredrika Furuhjelm, Finland, 1859-1937
- Thomas Garrigue Masaryk, Czechoslovakia, 1850-1937
- Serhij Jefremov, Ukraine, 1876-1939
- Cecilo Baez, Paraguay, 1862-1941
- Paul Hymans, Belgium, 1865-1941
- Ignacy Paderewski, Poland, 1860-1941
- Jaan Tönisson, Estonia, 1868-1941?
- Eusebio Ayala, Paraguay, 1875-1942
- Pavel Milyukov, Russia, 1859-1943
- Sophie Scholl, Germany, 1921-1943
- Benjamin Telders, Netherlands, 1903-1945
- John Maynard Keynes, UK, 1883-1946
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, India, 1869-1948
- Sarojini Naidu, India, 1879-1949
- Nikola Mushanov, Bulgaria, 1872-1951
- Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Finland, 1865-1952
- Édouard Herriot, France, 1872-1957
- Imre Nagy, Hungary, 1896-1958
- Luigi Einaudi, Italy, 1874-1961
- Eleanor Roosevelt, USA, 1884-1962
- Theodor Heuss, Germany, 1884-1963
- Roger Motz, Belgium, 1904-1964
- Winston Churchill, UK, 1874-1965
- Albert Luthuli, South Africa, 1898-1967
- Martin Luther King, USA, 1929-1968
- Pieter Oud, Netherlands, 1886-1968
- Jan Palach, Czechoslovakia, 1948-1969
- Lester Bowles Pearson, Canada, 1897-1972
- Ludwig von Mises, Austria / USA , 1881-1973
- Herbert Tingsten, Sweden, 1896-1973
- René Cassin, France, 1887-1976
- Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaragua, 1924-1978
- Salvador de Madariaga, Spain, 1886-1978
- Eugéne Schaus, Luxembourg, 1901-1978
- Bertil Ohlin, Sweden, 1899-1979
- Fusaye Ichikawa, Japan, 1893-1981
- Pierre Mendés-France, France, 1907-1982
- Benigno Aquino, Philippines, 1932-1983
- Raymond Aron, France, 1905-1983
- Jean Rey, Belgium, 1902-1983
- Tancredo Neves, Brazil, 1910-1985
- Hans Klinghofer, Israel, 1906-1987
- Alan Stewart Paton, South Africa, 1903-1988
- Andrej Sacharov, Russia, 1921-1989
- Ramón Trias-Fargas, Spain, 1922-1989
- Giovanni Malagodi, Italy, 1904-1991
- Willy Bretscher, Switzerland, 1897-1992
- Alexander Dubcek, Czechoslovakia, 1921-1992
- Friedrich von Hayek, Austria, 1899-1992
- Lalith Athulathmudali, Sri Lanka, 1936-1993
- Jorge Carpio Nicolle, Guatemala, 1932-1993
- Count Edward Raczyñski, Poland, 1891-1993
- Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga, Kenya , 1911-1994
- Karl Popper, Austria/UK, 1902-1994
- Per Federspiel, Denmark, 1905-1994
- Yitzhak Rabin, Israel, 1922-1995
- Hermod Lannung, Denmark, 1895-1996
- Sir Isaiah Berlin, UK, 1909-1997
- Minoo Masani, India, 1905-1998
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